NUCLEUR POLLUTION

What Is Nuclear Pollution?
    

 Nuclear pollution begins with the deposition of radioactive wastes. It happens when the radioactive element comes in contact with other elements in environment and emmit Alpha & Gamma Rays wich is a serious threat to Human Race.These wastes contain radioactive chemical elements lacking any practical purpose. Usually they are the byproducts of nuclear processes such as nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, etc.

How Does Nuclear Pollution Take Place?

       It is basically produced by nuclear explosion caused due to various nuclear tests that are performed using nuclear weapons. The explosion results in contributing a certain percentile of radioactive particles into the Earth's stratosphere. Later these particles get settled on the earth's surface affecting the living organisms.

What Are The Severe Effects Of Nuclear Pollution?

        Nuclear pollution tends to produce uncontrolled radioactive material. It has a negative impact on vegetation causing serious health hazards. The nuclear explosions that affected Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the Second World War are direct examples of the severe impact on humans as well as other living organisms. Nuclear pollution also results in global warming thus raising a major environment concern.

What Immediate Measures Can Be Taken To Restrict Nuclear Pollution?
        Setting up of nuclear station is one option to reduce nuclear pollution. Educating the public on health issues and influencing the government to deal with problems of nuclear pollution should be embarked on. Besides, development and construction of nuclear power plants, promotion of energy efficiency and encouraging the use of solar power would probably help deal with nuclear pollution.

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OCEAN DUMPING..

What Is Ocean Dumping?
             Ocean Dumping is the dumping or placing of materials in designated places in the ocean, often on the continental shelf. A wide range of materials is involved, including garbage, construction and demolition debris, sewage sludge, dredge material, and waster material, and waste chemicals.
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What Causes Ocean Dumping?

             The source of ocean dumping is the elimination of waste matter or sewage from tankers carrying oil and other products. Also burning of organic wastes with subsequent dumping as a kind of disposal process is a severe threat to ocean waters. Littering of plastic bags, glass items, damaged fishing nets, or leftover eatables on the beach front also accounts to ocean dumping when the collected debris is dumped directly in the sea. Also, there is always the possibility of collisions or accidents which occur admists the oceans add to dumping of toxic debris in ocean.

What Are Effects Of Ocean Dumping?
           Much of the waste matter dumped contains a number of toxic chemicals that can affect marine ecosystems and marine organisms. Some of these marine organisms are consumed by humans. Dumping of radioactive wastes and soil from contaminated defense sites also harm the ecosystem. Besides, dumping of medical wastes like expired medicines or toxic waste add to the pollution. Plastic debris which is dificult to dilute, get lodged in the digestive tracts of marine animals causing death or infection.


What Safety Measures Are Taken Against Ocean Dumping?
           During 1987-88 in New Jersey, significant amounts of medical waste and raw garbage washed up the beaches in Jersey Shore. This resulted in closing of the beaches and low economy with diminished tourism. This account was termed as The Syringe Tide. This resulted in the Ocean Dumping Ban Act in 1989 by the Medical Waste Tracking Act (MWTA). Nations around the world should contribute at individual or global level to put a stop to such inhuman treatment of nature.

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OZONE DEPLETION

ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE

RISE IN TEMPERATURE

           Ozone depletion is slow, steady decline of the total volume of ozone in the Earth's stratosphere (ozone layer). Since 1970, due to varying seasonal changes, the rate of ozone depletion has been faster. This phenomenon is termed as Ozone Hole.

What Factors Cause Ozone Depletion?
      CFC's i.e. Chlorofluro carbons  and other harmful substances are responsible for the high rate of ozone depletion. The ozone layer prevents most harmful Ultra Violet (UV) rays from passing through the Earth's atmosphere. This has generated worldwide concern leading to banning the production of CFCs as well as any related ozone depleting chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethane. 

SKIN CANCER..

GLOBAL WARMING..

What Consequences Does It Have On The Life On Earth?
        Ozone depletion has many harmful effects on living beings. The direct exposure to the UV rays increases the risks of skin cancer, damage to plants, harm to flora and fauna in water bodies.

What Steps Are Being Taken At The World Forum?
       The Montreal Protocol on substances depleting the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production  of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty  was opened for signature on September 16th, 1987 and came into force on January 1, 1989. It is believed that if the international agreement retains, the ozone layer would recover by 2050. As the treaty was signed on 16th September, the United Nations General Assembly voted to designate this day as "The World Ozone Day", to commemorate the signing of the Montreal Protocol Treaty.


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GLOBAL WARMING

   
         The increase in unpredictable climatic changes, underlines that Global Warming is a serious threat to the entire world. Global Warming is basically an increase in the average temperature of the Earth's surface, air and oceans...      

Causes:-
      Greenhouse gases such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydroflurocarbons (HFCs) result from human industrial process. These gases have the ability to absorb and hold heat in the atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as the green house effect. Burning of fossil fuels like natural gas, coal, oil and gasoline raises the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a major contributor to global greenhouse effect..

Effects:-
      Due to higher amount of greenhouse gases, more heat is trapped in the atmosphere. This heat changes the climate and alters weather patterns. It causes extinction of endangered species, seasonal changes and natural calamities like coastal flooding..

Remedial Measures:-
*  Reusing and recycling of products may reduce waste and help limit the level of carbon dioxide in atmosphere.
*  Planting of trees in our surroundings as plants absorb carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. A single tree absorbs about one ton of carbon dioxide in its lifetime.
*  Cut down on the use of heaters and air- conditioners whenever possible.

*  Save fuels like petrol, diesel, oil and instead choose to walk or cycle your way whenever possible. Use of public transport can cut down on excess use of gasoline.
*  Save electricity and water.
*  Though Global Warming may be a threat universally, each one of us can fight it on individual level..








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